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Hazard Literacy?

Definition of Hazard Literacy

Hazard literacy refers to the understanding and awareness of hazards. In this context, a hazard is defined as the cause that leads to disasters. In contrast, a disaster refers to situations in which human social life, lives, and property are damaged by external forces such as abnormal natural phenomena.


Disasters can be classified according to their causes into natural disasters and anthropogenic (human-made) disasters. Natural disasters are those resulting from natural phenomena, including typhoons, floods, heavy rainfall, strong winds, storm surges, tidal waves, heavy snow, droughts, earthquakes, and yellow dust storms. In contrast, anthropogenic disasters arise from industrialization and include radioactive leaks and traffic accidents.


Hazards are increasing globally, and the types of hazards modern society faces are becoming more diverse. These include changes in weather patterns, fine particulate matter, sinkholes, infectious diseases, and issues such as humidifier disinfectants and radon-emitting mattresses.


Despite the growing risks posed by hazards, most citizens either do not recognize the seriousness of disasters caused by science and technology, or experience excessive anxiety, or engage in risky behaviors due to a lack of basic knowledge and coping skills related to hazards. In this context, hazard literacy is an essential competency for future citizens.